JOSEPH BEN KALONYMUS HA-NAKDAN I
- JOSEPH BEN KALONYMUS HA-NAKDAN I
- JOSEPH BEN KALONYMUS HA-NAKDAN I (13th century),
grammarian and poet from a family of grammarians and nakdanim
in Germany. Joseph copied and vocalized many manuscripts and signed with
the addition "the scribe who gives goodly words" (see Gen. 49:21).
abraham b. azriel , author of the Arugat ha-Bosem,
cites him in his book on matters of language and piyyut. His
extant piyyutim include the seliḥah he composed in
memory of the martyrs of 1235 of Laudna and Bischofsheim, beginning with
the words "Ezak Ḥamas Korotai" ("I cry for the violence that
has befallen me") and a piyyut for Rosh Ha-Shanah,
Melekh Elyon Addir ba-Marom Adonai ("Exalted King, God,
mighty on high") found in a French festival prayer book of 1278. It is
possible that he is to be identified with Jose of Heidelberg, who
corrected Torah scrolls and lived in Bohemia where the aforementioned
Abraham b. Azriel dwelt. Joseph's nephew was Joseph b. Kalonymus
ha-Nakdan II (died after 1294). He too was a grammarian
and paytan. He lived in Xanten and studied under his maternal
grandfather, samson ha-nakdan . He was much occupied in copying
and vocalizing of manuscripts and composed poems for learning the
correct reading and the intonations of the books of the Bible, one of
which, entitled Ta'amei Emet, for Job, Proverbs, and Psalms,
was published with the author's explanation by A. Berliner (see
bibliography).
-BIBLIOGRAPHY:
Davidson, Oẓar, 4 (1933), 402; Zunz, Lit Poesie, 335; A. Berliner (ed.),
Ta'amei Emet im Be'ur be-Ḥaruzim me'et ha-Nakdan Yosef bar
Kalonymus (1886); N. Bruell, Jahrbuecherfuer Juedische
Geschichte und Literatur, 8 (1887), 118–21; J. Freimann, in:
Festschrift… Dubnow (1930), 169–71; E. Urbach (ed.),
Arugat ha-Bosem, 1 (1939), 281.
(Abraham David)
Encyclopedia Judaica.
1971.
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